Posted: February 24, 2026 | Updated: September 11, 2026
Yesterday I spent a little time on a Hartshorne exercise which checks that and are group schemes. By now I've thought about this a few times and it's included in my thesis, but I learnt some new ideas by proving this in the category of varieties, which feels like another piece of working with the variety-theoretic definition of regular functions (something I've always been uneasy about, I gravitate to the scheme theory because I can use more algebra).
Elements of the ground field correspond to points/maximal ideals of one-to-one and elements of correspond to points of , so that functions from a variety correspond to functions and functions correspond to functions . It follows that the function is regular if and only if is a morphism, and the same holds in the case. Having such an explicit correspondence is probably a unique feature of (products of) and , but checking representability of a moduli functor by looking at points is a useful idea, made simpler by the regular function notion.
I also reinforced for myself the idea that sometimes the best way is to compute and find out. I was trying to write down the comultiplication for and and my immediate instinct was to google to make sure I didn't start something monstrous and complicated. I did google and my guess was correct (it was, after all, an educated guess), but it turns out that checking the induced map on points is actually very doable, and this would have been true even with the wrong guess. For example, the comultiplication for is given by since has form for some and , we find that the only element of with for the coefficient of and no other terms is so that and the map on points is multiplication .
